ISMNT NEWS: Disease Prevention by Exploring Molecular Mechanisms Linked to Nutrition

ISMNT News #13 relates to the surprising observation that protein intake can modulate high blood pressure. In the INTERSALT Study it was shown that increased dietary protein markers are associated with a lower blood pressure. Although many questions remain, it can be concluded that dietary protein may have unexpected effects on an important cardiovascular risk factor.

The key reference is by:

Stamler J; Elliott P; Kesteloot H; Nichols R; Claeys G; Dyer AR; Stamler R

Inverse relation of dietary protein markers with blood pressure. Findings for 10,020 men and women in the INTERSALT Study

from

Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611

email: hwe216@lulu.acns.nwu. edu

in

Circulation, 1996 Oct 1, 94:7, 1629-34

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess relations to blood pressure (BP) in individuals of markers of dietary protein in their 24-hour urine collections.

METHODS AND RESULTS: INTERSALT (INTERnational study of SALT and blood pressure) was a

cross-sectional study of 10020 men and women aged 20 to 59 years in 52 population-based samples in 32 countries worldwide, with quality-controlled standardized procedures and assessment of multiple possible confounders.

Three measurements of dietary protein in 24-hour urine of each individual participant were studied: total nitrogen and urea as indexes of total protein intake, and sulfate as an index of sulfur-containing dietary amino acids. Repeat examination was performed in a random 8% of participants to assess reliability and to correct for regression-dilution bias.

Significant independent inverse relationships were found between BP (systolic and diastolic) and both 24-hour urinary total nitrogen and urea nitrogen, with adjustment for age, sex, alcohol intake, body mass, and 24-hour urinary sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

With adjustment for regression-dilution bias, it was estimated that systolic and diastolic BP were on average 3.0 and 2.5 mm Hg lower, respectively, for persons with dietary total protein intake 30% above the overall mean than for those whose dietary protein intake was 30% below the overall mean (12.94 versus 6.96 g/d urinary total nitrogen, equivalent to 81 versus 44 g/d dietary protein, respectively).

For the association of these markers with diastolic BP, results were similar for younger (20- to 39-year-old) and older (40- to 59-year-old) persons and for women and men. For their relation to systolic BP, regression coefficients were larger both for those aged 40 to 59 years than for those aged 20 to 39 years and for women than for men. Nonsignificant inverse relations were recorded for urinary sulfate and BP.

CONCLUSIONS: These INTERSALT findings lend support to the hypothesis that higher dietary protein intake has favorable influences on BP.